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Objective To explore the clinicopathological features of adult pulmonary sequestration and summarize the misdiagnosis experiences.Methods Data of 16 cases of adult pulmonary sequestration ( 18 years),who were confirmed by surgery and biopsy in our hospital were collected and reviewed.Results The median age of all the patients was 38.5 years.The female seemed to be more likely to suffer from adult pulmonary sequestration ( n =12) with cough to be the most frequent symptom ( n =9 ).CT scans revealed most of the lesions were located in the left lower lobes of the lungs ( n =9 ).Half of the lesions were characterized by pulmonary cyst-like changes and/or multiple cystic bronchiectasis ( n =8 ),followed by soft tissue mass in or out of the lung fields ( n =7).Enhanced CT scans showed abnormal arteries from the systemic circulation.Only two cases were diagnosed as pulmonary sequestration correctly in the primary diagnosis.The remaining were mostly misdiagnosed as pulmonary cyst-like changes with bronchiectasis ( n =6) or tumors (n =6).According to the findings during surgery,13 cases were intralobar pulmonary sequestrations; 3 cases were extralobars,whose tissues were all detected dysplasia and chronic inflammatory by histopathological examinations.Conclusions The misdiagnosis rate of pulmonary sequestration is high because of its non-specific clinical symptoms.Since it is characterized by abnormal arteries and pulmonary dysplasia,enhanced CT scans should be used as a preferred screening method for suspected cases,especially for those middleaged patients with cystic or mass-like lesions in the left lower lobes of the lungs.
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Purpose To explore the clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis of solitary bronchial papilloma, and its relation with and human papilloma virus infection.Methods Four cases of SBP were studied by routine histologic,immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization, together with review of the literature.Results One of four lesions was squamous cell papilloma, with focal malignant change of squamous cell carcinoma with microinvasion. The case was an old woman and the cancer located in central bronchus. Others were mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma, and two cases with features of moderate cytologic atypia. The age ranged from 25 to 73 years (average 54), and tumors were located in the bronchi and segmental bronchi. Papillary arborizing connective tissue stalks were lined by both squamous and glandular epithelium. Four papillomas were exophytic, with one case inverted partly. Four cases were examined for HPV DNA and all were negative.Conclusions SBP in adults is a rare lung neoplasm. Based on uncommon cases association with malignant change, all endobronchial papillomas should be completely excised.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare malignant tumor with unique clinicopathological features. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological features, the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pleuropulmonary blastoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five cases of PPB were analyzed by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and their clinical data, and the relative literatures were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five cases of patients suffered from PPB were aged from 21 to 47 months (mean 32.8 months). Most of the masses were located in the thoracic cavities and 4 cases accompanied with pleural effusions. Histologically, these tumors included 1 case of type I PPB which showed pure cystic architecture; 2 cases were type II PPB which showed cystic and solid masses accompanied with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation and nodules of cartilage; the other 2 cases were type III PPB and characterized by absolute solid masses with anaplastic undifferentiated sarcomatous components. Immunohistochemical studies showed that tumor cells were positive for Vimentin and some for Desmin and Myogenin, the nodules of cartilage were positive for S-100. The tumor cells were negative for PCK, EMA and CD99.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy arising in the lung and pleural of infancy and early childhood. The type I, II and III PPB have unique clinicopathological features respectively. This kind of tumor should be distinguished from some benign and malignant diseases such as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Lung Neoplasms , Mortality , Pathology , General Surgery , Pleural Neoplasms , Mortality , Pathology , General Surgery , Pulmonary Blastoma , Mortality , Pathology , General SurgeryABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are rare tumors of soft tissue recognized recently and the lung is one of common organs involved. The aim of this study is to investigate the valuable clinicopathological features for diagnosis of IMTs of the lung.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathology data of 9 patients with IMTs were collected. The resected lesions of the patients were studied by histological and immunohistochemical methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 9 patients' symptoms mainly included cough, expectoration and dyspnea. Seven patients displayed as benign IMTs and 2 malignant IMTs. The big spindle neoplastic myofibroblastic cells of the benign IMTs had eosinophilic cytoplasm and round or oval nuclei. Mitoses were generally scanty (0-2/50HPF). Compared with the benign IMTs, the malignant IMTs displayed highly atypical polygonal cells with oval vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and variable mitoses ( > 25/50HPF). Ganglion-like myofibroblastic cells with plasma cells, and lymphocytes invasion could be seen in all IMTs. The immunohistochemical results were: in all patients vimentin, muscle-specific actin and α-smooth muscle actin (+), p53 (-), while some patients desmin and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1 (+).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IMTs patients' symptoms are atypical. IMTs are composed with abundant myofibroblasts accompanied with many inflammatory cells. Surgical resection is the first choice for IMTs, complete resection leads to excellent survival for benign IMTs but not very well for malignancy.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It has been proven that ezrin protein may interact with E-cadherin protein and take part in metastasis of tumors. The aim of this study is to detect the expression of ezrin and E-cadherin and their significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with tissue microarray technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ezrin and E-cadherin proteins were detected in 25 cases of benign pulmonary tissues, 287 cases of NSCLC tissues and 120 cases of metastatic lymph nodes by LSAB method of immunohistochemical staining. All patients were followed up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overexpression rate of ezrin in primary NSCLC tissues and metastatic lymph nodes was 57.8% and 83.3% respectively (P=0.000). The abnormal expression rate of E-cadherin in primary NSCLC tissues and metastatic lymph nodes was 82.6% and 98.3% respectively (P=0.000). The overexpression rate of ezrin was significantly related to grading (P=0.005) and metastasis (P=0.032). The abnormal expression rate of E-cadherin was closely related to grading (P=0.024), metastasis (P=0.015) and TNM stages (P=0.037). There was a negative correlation between expression of ezrin and E-cadherin (P=0.029). Grading, metastasis of NSCLC, TNM stages, overexpression of ezrin and abnormal expression of E-cadherin were independent prognostic factors of NSCLC (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Overexpression of ezrin and abnormal expression of E-cadherin may promote tumor metastasis. Ezrin and E-cadherin may be useful prognostic markers for patients with advanced NSCLC.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate the role of protein kinase CβII (PKC-βII) expression and apoptosis in the oncogenesis and development of non-small cell lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of PKC-βII and apoptosis were detected in 119 human non-small cell lung cancer tissues and paracancerous lung tissues by TUNEL and LSAB, and 32 benign pulmonary disease tissues as control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of PKC-βII (85.39%) in lung cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous lung tissues and benign pulmonary disease tissues (65.69% and 53.22%) ( P < 0.05), and the PKC-βII expression in paracancerous samples was also remarkably higher than that in benign pulmonary disease samples ( P < 0.05). The apoptotic index (AI) (5.27%) in lung cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in the benign lung lesion tissue (15.84%) ( P < 0.05). No significant relationship was observed between the expression of PKC-βII in lung cancer tissue and clinical physiopathological characteristics ( P > 0.05). The AI in the lung cancer tissues was closely related to the stages of the cancer, size of primary tumor and lymph node metastasis ( P < 0.05), but not to the histological classification, cell differentiation and location of the tumor, and sex and age of the patient with lung cancer ( P > 0.05). A highly significant negative correlation was observed between PKC-βII expression and AI in the lung cancer group ( P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The abnormal activation of PKC-βII and the suppression of apoptosis may play important roles in the oncogenesis and development of non-small cell lung cancer. The overproliferation of cells and suppression of apoptosis transducted by PKC-βII may be one of the important mechanisms of the oncogenesis and development of non-small cell lung cancer.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate the expression features of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1) in non-small cell lung cancer and its clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>hnRNP A2/B1 expression of cancer tissues, paracancerous lung tissues, resected bronchial stump epithelium tissues was detected in 58 non-small cell lung cancer patients and pulmonary tissues in 30 patients with benigh pulmonary lesions as control by immunohistochemistry methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive expressive rate of hnRNP A2/B1 in lung cancer tissue (63.79%) was significantly higher than those in paracancerous lung tissue (43.10%) and benign pulmonary lesion tissues (20.00%) (P=0.000), and the positive rate in paracancerous lung tissue was also significantly higher than that in benign pulmonary lesion tissues (P < 0.05). The positive rate of hnRNP A2/B1 in the hyperplastic and dysplastic epithelium (40.00%) of resected bronchial stump was remarkably higher than that in normal bronchial epithelium (15.15%) in lung cancer patients (P=0.032). The positive rate of hnRNP A2/B1 in poor differentiated lung cancer (78.13%) was remarkably higher than that in moderate and well differentiated lung cancer (46.15%) (P < 0.05). The positive rate of hnRNP A2/B1 in lung cancer with lymph node metastasis (75.00%) was significantly higher than that without lymph node metastasis (50.00%) (P < 0.05). The positive rate of hnRNP A2/B1 in stage III+IV disease (78.57%) was significantly higher than that in stage I+II disease (50.00%) (P < 0.05). The positive rate of hnRNP A2/B1 in T3+T4 cancer (77.42%) was significantly higher than that in T1+T2 cancer (48.15%) (P < 0.05). The positive rate of hnRNP A2/B1 expression in lung cancer tissues was not related to histological classification of the cancer (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The overexpression of hnRNP A2/B1 in cancer tissues may play an important role in the oncogenesis, development and metastasis of lung cancer. Detection of hnRNP A2/B1 expression may be helpful to diagnose lung cancer and to predict prognosis of the patients with lung cancer.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate the contents of trace elements in benign lung tissue, lung cancer tissue and paracancerous tissue of patients with lung cancer and their rule of variation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to measure the contents of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cuprum (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in lung cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues from 19 lung cancer patients and 9 patients with benign pulmonary diseases. The ratio of a certain element's content in cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues was applied to evaluate the role of the element in tumor generation and development.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The contents of Cu, Pb in cancer tissues were higher than those in paracancerous tissues, and the contents in paracancerous tissues were higher than those in benign tissues; The contents of Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn were in cancer tissues than those in paracancerous tissues. Pb showed significant accumulation in cancer tissues, while Ni showed significant accumulation in paracancerous tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Significant differences of the contents of trace elements are found among the different lung tissues, and this result indicates that the change of trace elements' contents is related to the generation and development of lung cancer.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate the relationship between expression of PKC-βI, apoptosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of PKC-βI and apoptosis index (AI) were detected in 119 human NSCLC tissues and paracancerous tissues by LSAB and TUNEL, with 32 benign pulmonary disease tissues as control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1)The expression of PKC-βI (82.27%) in NSCLC tissues was significantly higher than those (62.85% and 50.47%) in paracancerous tissues and benign pulmonary disease tissues (P < 0.05). The AI (5.27%) in NSCLC tissues was significantly lower than that ( 15.84%) in benign pulmonary disease tissues (P < 0.05). (2) No significant relationship was observed between the expression of PKC-βI and clinical physiopathological characteristics of NSCLC (P > 0.05). The AI was closely related to pTNM stage of the cancer, size of primary tumor and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), but not to the histological classification, cell differentiation, sex and age of the patients with NSCLC (P > 0.05). (3) A highly significant negative correlation was observed between PKC-βI expression and AI in NSCLC group (P < 0.01). (4) The 5-year survival rate (7.37%) in patients with high PKC-βI expression was much lower than that (37.06%) in patients with low PKC-βI expression (P < 0.01). The 5-year survi-val rate ( 39.24%) in patients with high AI was much higher than that (6.14%) in patients with low AI (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The abnormal activation of PKC-βI and suppression of apoptosis may play important roles in the oncogenesis and prognosis of lung cancer. Detection of PKC-βI expression and AI may help to predict the prognosis of patients with NSCLC and guide the postoperative multimodality therapy.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To study the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of primary pulmonary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MALT lymphomas).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical staining for LCA, CD20, CD45RO, CD5, cyclinD1, Ki-67, immunoglobine light chain κ and λ, CK and NSE was carried out in 9 patients with primary pulmonary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas by the S-P methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to the histological pattern and immunohistochemical features, all patients were diagnosed as primary pulmonary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas. There were four males and five females with a median age of 51.5 years (range from 37 to 64 years). The tumor cells were positive for LCA and CD20, however, the positive rates of Ki-67 were low. The tumor cells expressed immunoglobine light chain restriction λ in 5 cases , κ in 1 case, both λ and κ in 1 case, and neither of them in 2 cases. The tumor cells were negative for CD45RO, CD5, cyclineD1, CK, NSE in all patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Primary pulmonary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas are inert lymphomas which are easily misdiagnosed. The evaluation of pathologic features and immunohistochemistry are useful and practical in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary pulmonary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas.</p>
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To study the effect of batroxobin(DF-521) on atherosclerosis, we divided 50 Japanese big ear rabbits into control group and high-lipid group. After the atherosclerosis model was successfully established, the high-lipid rabbits were divided into 3 groups(placebo group, treatment group 1 and treatment group 2). Batroxobin was injected in the treatment groups, and saline was injected in placebo group and control group. Getting the aorta before, inter and after treatment, dyeing the lipid, endothelium, smooth muscle, collagen fibers of the vascular plaque(the elastic fibers are of autofluorescence), we observed them with the light microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope. From the results, we found that the atherosclerotic plaque in the treatment groups, tended to be static four weeks later, but there was no obvious difference between treatment group 1 and treatment group 2. These implied that batroxobin possessed the action of stabilizing the atherosclerotic plaque, but the dosage-effect was not clear and the principle needed more study.
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Animals , Female , Male , Rabbits , Arteriosclerosis , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Batroxobin , Therapeutic Uses , Disease Models, Animal , Fibrinolytic Agents , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate the role of FHIT (fragile histidine triad) gene in oncogenesis and progression of human lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of FHIT gene was detected in 166 lung cancer samples and 37 benign pulmonary lesion tissues as control by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of FHIT expression in lung cancer tissues was 63.03%±26.41%, which was significantly lower than that in tisssues adjacent to cancer (83.74%±17.46%) (P < 0.01 ), and both positive rates in cancer tissues and tissues adjacent to cancer were significantly lower than that in benign lesion tissues (92.98%±5.56%)(P < 0.01). The expression level of FHIT gene was closely related to histological classification, cancer cell differentiation, P TNM stages and lymph node involvement in lung cancer patients (P < 0.05). The positive rate of FHIT expression in smoking lung cancer patients was remarkably lower than that in non smoking ones ( 55.14% ±27.55% vs 71.93%±22.05%, P < 0.01). The postoperative survival time in patients with high FHIT expression was significantly longer than those with low expression (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Reduction of FHIT gene expression might be associated with the oncogenesis and progression of human lung cancer; Smoking may be one of the important reasons of reduction of FHIT gene expression in lung cancer patients.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate the roles of E-cadherin and β-catenin genes in metastasis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin were detected in 112 non-small cell lung cancer tissues and 30 benign pulmonary lesion tissues by immunohistochemical method (LSAB method).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in lung cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent non-cancerous lung tissues and benign pulmonary tissues (P < 0.01); The expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in lung cancer tissues with lymph node and/or distant metastasis was significantly lower than that in those without lymph node and distant metastasis (P < 0.01); The 5-year survival rate in patients with low E-cadherin expression and low β-catenin expression (6.78%) was remarkably lower than that in cases with high expression (6.78% vs 35.85% and 3.78% vs 37.29%) (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Underexpressions of E-cadherin and β-catenin are very common in non-small cell lung cancer, and it may play an important role in the progression and metastasis of lung cancer. Detection of expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in lung cancer might be helpful to predict prognosis.</p>
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To study the relationship between expression of endostatin and clinical and pathophysiological characteristics in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of endostatin was detected in 46 lung cancer tissues and paracancerous lung tissues, 14 benign pulmonary lesion tissues as control by immunohistochemical staining (LSAB method).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of endostatin in lung cancer tissues (84.91%±7.65%) was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues (63.70%±12.45%) and benign pulmonary lesion tissues (40.29%±15.01%) (P < 0.01); The expression of endostatin was closely related to the size of primary tumor, distant metastasis of the cancer, P-TNM stages and cell differentiation of lung cancer (P < 0.05), but not to the histological classification, lymph node status, location of the tumor, smoking or not, age and sex of the patients with lung cancer (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of endostatin in NSCLC cancer tissues might be helpful to evaluate the biological behavior of lung cancer.</p>
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Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of Epstein-Barr virus-associated and Epstein-Barr virus not-associated primary intestinal T-cell lymphomas(ITCL) and to study their cell origins. Methods In situ hybridization for EBER1/2 and immunohistochemical staining for immunophenotypes, LMP-1,TIA-1,bcl-2 and CD21 were performed in 32 cases. The clinical data were analyzed and all patients were followed-up. Results (1) In 27 of the 32 cases, EBER1/2 were detected in the tumor cells, in which 11 presented LMP-1 positive reactions. (2) All 32 cases of ITCL revealed CD45RO positivity，in which 4（12.5%） expressed CD8，8（25.0%）expressed CD4, 9（28.1%）expressed CD56,and 31（96.9%）expressed TIA-1. There were 17（53.7%）cases with CD4-，CD8-，CD56- immunophenotype. None expressed bcl-2 and CD21. 32 ITCL were classified into pleomorphic medium and large cell(n=28), monomorphic medium-sized(n=2), pleomorphic small cell(n=2). Clinically, most patients with ITCL were young males with abdominal pain, hematochezia, fever and weight loss. The prognosis of patients with ITCL showed poor (survival median was 1.7 month). (3) The differences between EBV-associated and EBV not-associated ITCL lay in hematochezia, fever and the expression of CD3, CD8 and CD56. Conclusion Most of Chinese ITCL are EBV-associated ones with unusual clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features，which are of different lineages of T-cell subtypes, including cytotoxic T-cell or NK cell.